Privileges and Immunities Clause

Concluding, based on evidence from the Articles of Confederation and Constitution creation periods and the legal meanings of “privileges” and “immunities” in the eighteenth century, that the American public at the time of ratification understood the Clause as protecting a legal guarantee to the rights enjoyed by the citizens of another state when traveling to that state.

Arguing that “privileges and immunities” was a legal term of art that was understood at the time of ratification to ensure citizens traveling to other states equal access to a dynamic set of benefits conferred by the positive law of that state and enjoyed by its citizens.

Contending that the Corfield v. Coryell greatly influenced the drafting of the later Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. 

Arguing that the Privileges and Immunities Clause is not limited to ensuring protection for citizens sojourning into another state but, rather, protects American citizens’ basic fundamental rights of freemen.