Arguing that “needful” in Military Installments Clause has the same meaning as “necessary” in the Necessary and Proper Clause.
Looking across clauses of the Constitution to argue that the Constitution uses “needful” to describe a more lenient means-end requirement and “necessary” to describe a more strict one.
Arguing that “needful” means “necessary” but not “indispensable.”
Describing the Enclave and Needful Buildings Clauses as the only instances in which the Framers abrogated state immunity through an express grant of exclusive federal power.
Describing the reasoning for the state-consent requirement and distinguishing “erecting” forts and other needful buildings from “governing” them.
C. Perry Patterson, The Relation of the Federal Government to the Territories and the States in Landholding, 28 Tex. L. Rev. 43 (1949).
Reviewing the debates about the Military Installations Clause during the Federal Convention of 1787, including the work of the Committee on Detail.
Have we missed an article? Please let us know of any additional scholarship that should be included in the Interactive Constitution.